The impact of quality schemes "Protected Designation of Origin" (PDO) and "Protected Geographical Indication" (PGI) on cooperation and organization of producers in Slovenia

The connection between food and its geographical origin has weakened due to globalization and mass production, leading to the homogenization of food and the inability to determine its origin. This has increased consumer distrust regarding food safety and quality, with more instances of counterfeit traditional foods and challenges in ensuring their quality. These issues have also posed new challenges in areas where agriculture is crucial for identity, economy, and culture: traditional practices have been abandoned, unemployment has risen, and the cultural landscape has significantly changed, especially with major shifts in the agricultural sector. In response to these challenges, quality schemes were introduced to ensure that agricultural products and foods meet specific standards regarding origin, production, and processing methods. Beyond protecting against misuse, these quality schemes can also promote socio-economic development in various ways, including fostering cooperation among producers and stakeholders, strengthening identity, encouraging entrepreneurship and job creation, preserving natural and cultural heritage, and ensuring higher product prices and quality for consumers.

This project examines the "Protected Designation of Origin" (PDO) and "Protected Geographical Indication" (PGI) quality schemes in Slovenia, focusing on their impact on the cooperation, organization, and interaction of producers. The project investigates and compares the forms and functions of producer cooperation in food production and processing areas protected by PDO or PGI. The project work packages include:

• Reviewing relevant literature and analyzing existing databases;
• Collecting and analyzing past experiences and obtaining data on current conditions through semi-structured interviews;
• Conducting qualitative analysis of the collected data by comparing individual quality schemes and identifying common characteristics and specificities in different areas using the Atlas.ti software;
• Presenting research findings combined with public discussions involving relevant institutions, stakeholders, and the interested public to validate the results.

The final project results will be disseminated in various ways to multiple target audiences: researchers, managers, producers, and other relevant stakeholders. A review article will be published to summarize existing research and findings in this area. At the conclusion of the project, an original scientific article will be prepared, showcasing the impact of quality schemes on producer cooperation and highlighting factors and measures with positive and negative impacts. Recommendations and guidelines for strengthening producer cooperation will be prepared for relevant institutions, producers, and quality scheme managers. These recommendations and guidelines will be particularly relevant due to the ongoing revision of legislation on quality schemes for agricultural products and food, currently happening at both the national and EU levels. The results will be presented at least three relevant events and conferences, both domestically and internationally.

The project has positive impacts in several areas. It introduces innovative approaches to geographical research on quality schemes, enabling a deeper understanding of their functioning and impacts. In terms of economic impact, the project promotes better organization and cooperation among producers, leading to increased efficiency, competitiveness, and sustainable development in agriculture and the food industry. From the perspective of local communities and society as a whole, the research enhances social cohesion, food security, and sustainable use of natural resources. The comprehensive research results thus represent an important step towards sustainable rural development and contribute to the formulation of more coordinated and effective policies at both the EU and national levels.